Buku Lotsogolera la Air Circuit Breaker: Momwe Limagwirira Ntchito & Nthawi Yosankha M'malo mwa MCB
Kuvuta kwa machitidwe onse amagetsi kumafuna kufunikira koteteza machitidwe amagetsi kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha zolakwika, kuyenda kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndi zoopsa zamoto kuchokera ku mafakitale/malonda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina amagetsi omwe ali pamwambapa. Ma ACB amapereka chitetezo ku machitidwe akuluakulu amagetsi kuti azitha kuyenda kwambiri kwamagetsi komanso mikhalidwe yafupikitsa, zomwe zingayambitse moto. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momwe ACB imagwirira ntchito, ntchito zomwe ACB imagwiritsa ntchito, kuyerekeza ACB ndi MCB ndikufotokozera mitengo ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tsopano popeza takhazikitsa chifukwa chomveka bwino chokhudza kufunikira komvetsetsa momwe ACB imagwirira ntchito, tiyeni tipite patsogolo ku ma ACB komanso kufunika kwawo m'makina ogawa magetsi amakono.
Kodi ACB ndi Chiyani Ndipo Cholinga Chake Ndi Chiyani? ACB?
Ma ACB ndi zida zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chamagetsi pamagetsi otsika (1000V AC kapena pansi pake, nthawi zina mpaka 1500V DC) makina amagetsi. ACB idapangidwa kuti iteteze zida zamagetsi kapena makina ogawa mphamvu zamagetsi ku zovuta zonse ziwiri zamagetsi ochulukirapo komanso zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mphamvu yochulukirapo kapena yafupikitsa magetsi.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ma circuit breaker, ACB imazimitsa arc yomwe imachitika chifukwa chopanga ndikuswa ma ac amagetsi a ACB mumlengalenga chifukwa cholekanitsa ma ac amagetsi a ACB. Ndi ma rating awo odalirika kwambiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito awo komanso kusinthasintha kwawo, Chothyola Mpweya (ACB) imavomerezedwa kwambiri ngati chinthu chothandiza pa ntchito zamalonda komanso zamafakitale.
- Kuyeza kwa Voltage: Ma voltage abwinobwino a AC supply ali pakati pa 400 volts ndi 690 volts (pa ntchito zamafakitale).
- Kusokoneza Mlingo: 15 kA mpaka kupitirira 100 kA (Kutengera mtundu).
- Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Ma ACB adapangidwa kuti ateteze njira zogawa mphamvu zamagetsi pa ntchito zamalonda komanso zamafakitale.
Kodi Chotsukira Mpweya Chimagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Chothyola Mpweyantchito pa mfundo yoti athe kupeza zolakwika mu dera lamagetsi, kenako kusokoneza mafunde amphamvu popanda katundu ndikuzimitsa arc yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yosokoneza dera lamagetsi. Pansipa pali chidule cha momwe Chothyola Mpweya imagwira ntchito:
- Kuzindikira Cholakwika: Masensa kapena ma relay amagetsi nthawi zonse amawunika dera kuti awone ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse mumagetsi, kapena zinthu zina zachilendo monga kuthamanga kwa magetsi (overcurrent) kapena short circuit.
- Njira Yogwetsa:Ngati vuto la circuit lachitika, gawo loyendera lidzayambitsa zokha kulumikizana konse mkati mwa Chotsegula Dera kutsegula (kukhala osiyana thupi).
- Kupanga Arc:Kupangidwa kwa arc pakati pa zolumikizira ziwiri kumachitika ngati zolumikizira za Chothyola Mpweya Kupatukana chifukwa cha kuchulukira kwa mphamvu kapena kufupika kwa magetsi, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti arc ipangidwe pakati pa ma contact awiri omwe ali ndi magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala ndi kutentha kukhale kwakukulu chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi ya arc pakati pa ma contact awiriwa.
- Kuzimitsa kwa Arcs: ACB imazimitsa arc yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika (mpweya wopanikizika) kutambasula arc, kuziziritsa, ndikugawa arc m'magawo angapo isanafike zero point yoyamba ya mphamvu.
Ndi kumvetsetsa momwe ma ACB amagwirira ntchito kuti titha kuwona kudalirika kwawo komanso kulimba komwe amawonetsa pamabwalo amagetsi.
Kuyerekeza kwa ACB ndi MCB: Kusiyana Kwakukulu
Ngakhale kuti ma ACB ndi ma MCB onse amagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Chotsegula Deras, ali ndi mapangidwe, magwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pansipa pali tebulo loyerekeza:
| Mbali | Mpweya Chotsegula Dera (ACB) | Chothyola Chaching'ono Cha Circuit (MCB) |
|---|---|---|
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amphamvu amalonda kapena mafakitale | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zazing'ono kapena m'malo okhala anthu ambiri |
| Kuwerengera Kwamakono | Mavoti mpaka ma Amps 10,000 | Kawirikawiri imavotera mpaka ma Amps 125 |
| Voteji | Mpaka 1000 V AC | Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi ma voti ochepera 440 V |
| Cholinga Choteteza Pakati | Ma circuit akuluakulu, ma transformer, ndi anthu omwe amapeza ndalama | Ma circuits omaliza, malo ogulitsira, ndi magetsi |
| Chitsanzo | Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa transformer ya siteshoni yaying'ono ndi mizere yayikulu yoperekera chakudya (yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri) | Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi a m'nyumba ndi mabwalo otulukira magetsi |
Ma MCB nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pomwe ma amp ofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi sadzapitirira muyeso wa MCB. Ma ACB nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri. Misika yamagetsi amphamvu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma air circuit breakers (ACBs). Pogwira ntchito ndi misika iyi, ma ACB ndi omveka bwino chifukwa amagwira ntchito ngati zida zotetezera ma circuit kuti athandize kupewa ma short circuit, overcurrents ndi zolakwika zina mumakina ogawa magetsi.
Kusanthula Mitengo ya Air Circuit Breaker
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zingakhudze mitengo pankhani ya ma ACB:
- Yoyesedwa Yamakono: Kawirikawiri, ma ACB omwe ali ndi mafunde amphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa omwe ali ndi mafunde amphamvu otsika.
- Mtundu: Ma ACB ochokera ku makampani apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa ma ACB ochokera ku makampani osadziwika bwino chifukwa kusiyana kuli mu khalidwe ndi kudalirika.
- Zinthu Zapamwamba: Kuwonjezera zinthu zina ku ACB (mwachitsanzo, ntchito yakutali, mtundu uliwonse wa njira yowunikira, kapena kukonza zinthu zodziwikiratu) kudzawonjezera mtengo, komanso mfundo yakuti pali ukadaulo wowonjezera womwe umakhudzidwa ndi mitundu iyi ya zinthu.
- Zinthu Zosinthidwa: Makonzedwe a ACB opangidwa mwamakonda kapena zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa mwamakonda nazonso zimawonjezera ndalama.
Kuyika ndalama mu ma ACB sikuti kungokhudza ndalama zoyambira zokha komanso kusunga ndalama mtsogolo. Ma ACB amapereka njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuthetsa nthawi yopuma kudzera mu njira zokonzera zinthu zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti malo aliwonse akupitilira kupanga. Kapangidwe kawo kolimba (kolimba) kumabweretsanso kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zogulira. Chifukwa chake, amapanga ndalama zabwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri a Zophulitsira Mpweya
Pali mafunso ambiri omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza ma ACB, kuphatikizapo:
1) Kodi ACB imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani? ACB imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida choteteza makina ogawa magetsi ku mafunde ochulukirapo, ma short circuits, ndi mavuto ena amagetsi. Itha kuwonedwa kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, m'malo amalonda, ndi m'malo osungiramo zinthu.
2) Kodi mitundu inayi yosiyanasiyana ya ma breaker ndi iti? Mitundu inayi ya ma circuit breaker omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi ma MCB, ma MCCB, ma ACB, ndi ma RCCB. Palinso mitundu ina ya ma circuit breaker omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amphamvu; awa ndi ma SF6 circuit breaker, ma oil circuit breaker, ndi ma vacuum circuit breaker.
3) Kodi nthawi zambiri ndimapezeka kuti ndi ACB? Kawirikawiri, ma ACB amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, m'malo osungiramo zinthu, m'malo osungira deta, ndi m'nyumba zamalonda kumene makina akuluakulu ogawa magetsi amafunika chitetezo.
4) Kodi zitsanzo za kugwiritsa ntchito ACB ndi ziti? Ma ACB amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'malo osinthira magetsi kuti ateteze ma transformer ndi ma switchgear poonetsetsa kuti pali kuthekera kokwanira kosokoneza ma feeder line amphamvu kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ma ACB ndi oteteza ma circuit odalirika komanso olimba pamachitidwe amagetsi amakampani ndi amalonda. Mukakonza malo osungira magetsi kapena kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino pafakitale iliyonse, ma ACB amakupulumutsirani nthawi ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito anu. Chifukwa chake, monga woyika ndalama, kuyika ndalama mu ma ACB kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu pakapita nthawi kuposa mitundu ina ya zida zotetezera ma circuit. Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi wogulitsa waluso wa ACB kudzakuthandizani kuonetsetsa kuti ma ACB anu akwaniritsa zofunikira zanu.