Kufotokozera kwa Icu, Ics, Icw: Momwe Mungapewere Zolakwa Zokwera Mtengo Pakusankha Zoswa Zam'mlengalenga Zakunja

Pa ntchito za uinjiniya zakunja—kuyambira mafakitale ndi malo osungira deta mpaka nyumba zamalonda ndi makina obwezeretsanso mphamvu—kusankha yoyenera Chotsegula Dera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Magawo a mphamvu yophwanya pakati pa Icu, Ics, ndi Icw nthawi zambiri amakhala magwero a chisokonezo. Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndichakuti mwachisawawa musankhe Icu yapamwamba popanda kuganizira momwe igwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri ziwonjezeke komanso kuti chitetezo chisawonongeke.

Malinga ndi IEC 60947-2, magawo atatu awa amatanthauza a Chotsegula Dera's kuthekera kogwira mafunde afupiafupi, osiyana mu logic yosweka, kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, komanso magwiridwe antchito afupiafupi. Bukuli limafotokoza gawo lililonse m'chinenero chosavuta, limapereka tebulo lofananizira mwachangu, komanso limapereka mfundo zosankhidwa zochokera ku zochitika kuti zikuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zodziwikiratu, zotsika mtengo, komanso zotetezeka.

Kodi Icu, Ics, ndi Icw ndi chiyani? (Matanthauzo a Chilankhulo Chosavuta)

Zonse zitatu zimayesa a Chotsegula Deramphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yafupikitsa, koma ntchito zawo ndi momwe zimakhalira pambuyo pa ntchito zimasiyana kwambiri.

1. Icu (Ultimate Breaking Capacity) – "Ngwazi Yomwe Imachitika Kamodzi."

• Tanthauzo la IEC:Mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa kwambiri a Chotsegula Dera ikhoza kusokoneza kamodzi​ pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyesedwa yomwe yatchulidwa. Pambuyo pa ntchitoyi, singakhalenso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwenso ntchito.

• Fanizo Losavuta:Taganizirani izi ngati buleki yadzidzidzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha mgalimoto, yomwe yayikidwa pamalo oopsa. Imakupulumutsani kamodzi kokha, koma dongosololo lawonongeka ndipo liyenera kusinthidwa.

• Chitsanzo Chothandiza:A Chotsukira Mlandu Chowumbidwa (MCCB) yokhala ndi Icu=50 kA imatha kuletsa vuto la 50 kA kuti isapse moto. Komabe, iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pake; singayambitsidwenso ndipo singadaliridwe kuti itetezedwe nthawi zonse.

2. Ics (Kutha Kuthetsa Utumiki) – "Kavalo Wodalirika Wogwira Ntchito."

• Tanthauzo la IEC:Mphamvu yafupikitsa yamagetsi a Chotsegula Dera imatha kusokoneza kangapo​ ndikukhalabe yogwira ntchito mokwanira kuti ipitirire kugwira ntchito, kusunga mawonekedwe ake oteteza komanso makina.

• Fanizo Losavuta:Iyi ndi galimoto ya Buleki yayikulu yoyendetsera galimoto. Mumaigwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza poyendetsa galimoto tsiku lililonse popanda kuwononga makina oyendetsera galimoto.

• Chitsanzo Chothandiza:An MCCB Icu=50kA yoyesedwa ndi Ics=31.5kA (63% ya Icu) imatha kuletsa zolakwika mpaka 31.5kA kangapo (nthawi zambiri ntchito 3-5) ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Imalowa mu Icu mode yake ya "kamodzi" kokha ngati zolakwika zili pamwamba pa 31.5kA mpaka 50kA.

• Chidziwitso Chofunika:Ma Ics nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ngati peresenti ya Icu (ma ratio ofala ndi 50%, 63%, 75%, 100%). Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri, 100% Ics rating (pomwe Ics = Icu) imayimira gawo lapamwamba kwambiri la magwiridwe antchito.

3. Icw (Mpweya Wopirira Nthawi Yaifupi) – "Chotsutsa Chokhudza Mphamvu."

• Tanthauzo la IEC:Mphamvu yapano a Chotsegula Dera imatha kupirira popanda kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yochepa (monga 0.5s, 1s, 3s). Imatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi makina a breaker pansi pa kupsinjika kwafupikitsa kwa magetsi.

• Fanizo Losavuta:Tangoganizirani malo osweka a galimoto omwe adapangidwa kuti azitha kuyamwa mphamvu yogunda kwa kanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimapatsa makina otetezera nthawi yoti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Icw imalola chodulira kuti "chigwire" kwakanthawi panthawi ya vuto.

• Chitsanzo Chothandiza:MCCB yokhala ndi Icw=25kA/1s imatha kupirira mphamvu yamagetsi ya 25kA short-circuit yomwe ikuyenda mkati mwake kwa sekondi imodzi popanda kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chosinthira chamagetsi chapansi kapena chosungiramo zinthu chikhale ndi nthawi yoti chichotse cholakwikacho mosankha, ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi yakumtunda.

Tebulo Loyerekeza Mwachangu

Mfundo Zosankha Uinjiniya (Zotengera Zochitika)

Chofunika kwambiri ndikugwirizana ndi ziwerengero za breaker ndi momwe makina anu amagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira pa ntchito.

1. Za Malo Opangira Mafakitale ndi Deta (Kupezeka Kwambiri ndi Chitetezo)

• Chitsanzo:Mafunde amphamvu kwambiri, katundu wolemera kwambiri, kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma chifukwa cha nthawi yopuma.

• Lamulo Losankha:Ikani patsogolo Ma Ics okwera ndi Icw. Tchulani Ma Ics ≥ 75-80% ya Icu.

• Chitsanzo:Mphamvu yamagetsi ya system error: 40kA.

• Zosankha Zoyenera Kusankha:MCCB ndi Icu=50kA, Ics=40kA (80%), Icw=30kA/1s.

• Chifukwa chiyani:Ma Ics okwera amalola chopachikira kuti chigwire ntchito ndi zolakwika wamba popanda kusinthidwa. Chiyeso cha Icw chimalola kuti pakhale mgwirizano wosankha ndi ma downstream breakers, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pasakhale kutsekedwa kosafunikira.

2. Pa Nyumba Zogona ndi Zamalonda (Kutsatira Malamulo Moyenera)

• Chitsanzo:Kuchepa kwa mafunde olakwika, zosowa zochepa zopitilira, kuyang'ana kwambiri mtengo wa polojekiti.

• Lamulo Losankha:Kukwaniritsa miyezo ya chitetezo ndi magawo apakati, okonzedwa bwino pamtengo.

• Chitsanzo:Mphamvu yamagetsi ya system error: 15kA.

• Zosankha Zoyenera Kusankha:MCCB ndi Icu=25kA, Ics=16kA (63%), Icw=10kA/0.5s.

• Chifukwa chiyani:Icu imapereka malire otetezeka. Ma Ics okhazikika (63%) ndi okwanira pa vuto losowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri (20-30%) poyerekeza ndi ma breaker omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino.

3. Pa Mapulojekiti Atsopano a Mphamvu (Ma PV a Dzuwa, Malo Osungira Ma Batri - Makina a DC)

• Chitsanzo:Mafunde a DC omwe akukwera mofulumira, kutha kwa arc kovuta, kutentha kwambiri.

• Lamulo Losankha:Gwiritsani ntchito ma breaker omwe adavotera DC. Ikani patsogolo Icu ndi Icw yapamwamba.

• Chitsanzo:Mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC system: 30kA.

• Zosankha Zoyenera Kusankha:Chothyola Ma Circuit cha DC chokhala ndi Icu=40kA, Ics=25kA, Icw=25kA/1s.

• Chifukwa chiyani:Kusweka kwa DC kumafuna kapangidwe kapadera. High Icw imatsimikizira kuti choswekacho chikhoza kupirira kukwera kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka itasiya kugwira ntchito.

Zolakwa Zodziwika Kwambiri Zoyenera Kupewa

Cholakwika 1: Kusankha Mosazindikira Icu Yapamwamba Kwambiri Yomwe Ilipo

• Cholakwika:Kusankha choyatsira Icu cha 100kA cha makina okhala ndi mphamvu ya 15kA yomwe ilipo.

• Zotsatira zake:Mitengo imachulukitsidwa ndi katatu kapena kanayi popanda phindu lililonse la chitetezo. Kukula kwakukulu kungayambitsenso mavuto pakupanga kwa panelo.

Cholakwika 2: Kunyalanyaza Ics Rating ya Mapulogalamu Ofunika

• Cholakwika:Kugwiritsa ntchito chotsegula magetsi chokhala ndi Icu=50kA koma Ics=16kA mufakitale yamafakitale yokhala ndi 30kA fault current.

• Zotsatira zake:Cholakwika chilichonse chidzayambitsa Kuchita bwino kwa ICU "kamodzi kokha", kuwononga chosweka ndikuyambitsa nthawi yosakonzekera yosinthira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya chipangizo choteteza isagwire ntchito.

Cholakwika 3: Kunyalanyaza Icw Time Rating ya Kusankha

• Cholakwika:Kusankha chosokoneza ndi Icw=10kA/0.5s pa dongosolo lomwe limafuna kuchedwa kwa sekondi imodzi kuti ligwirizane bwino.

• Zotsatira zake:Woswa Kuyenda msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azizimitsidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimafunikira komanso kusokoneza kapangidwe ka makina oteteza omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.

Mapeto

Kumvetsetsa bwino ndi kulongosola Icu, Ics, ndi Icw​ ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga makina amagetsi otetezeka, odalirika, komanso otsika mtengo pa ntchito iliyonse yakunja. Kugwirizanitsa magawo awa ndi mawerengedwe anu enieni a makina ndi zosowa za ntchito—m'malo mongotsatira ma rating apamwamba kwambiri—ndi chizindikiro cha uinjiniya waluso.

Mukufuna thandizo posankha chotsukira ma circuit choyenera pa projekiti yanu yapadziko lonse lapansi? Gulu lathu lothandizira paukadaulo imadziwika bwino posankha zinthu mogwirizana ndi IEC komanso kapangidwe ka makina. Lumikizanani nafekuti mupeze upangiri wogwirizana ndi zofunikira za pulojekiti yanu za current-circuit, application, ndi chitetezo.